Source Code Interaction on Touchscreens

Direct interaction with touchscreens has become a primary way of using a device. This work seeks to devise interaction methods for editing textual source code on touch-enabled devices. With the advent of the “Post-PC Era”, touch-centric interaction has received considerable attention in both research and development. However, various limitations have impeded widespread adoption of programming environments on modern platforms. Previous attempts have mainly been successful by simplifying or constraining conventional programming but have only insufficiently supported source code written in mainstream programming languages. This work includes the design, development, and evaluation of techniques for editing, selecting, and creating source code on touchscreens. The results contribute to text editing and entry methods by taking the syntax and structure of programming languages into account while exploiting the advantages of gesture-driven control. Furthermore, this work presents the design and software architecture of a mobile development environment incorporating touch-enabled modules for typical software development tasks

PtX opportunities and challenges for aviation and beyond - Technical, economic and ecologic evaluation from aviation point of view

Conclusions: PtX opportunities and challenges for aviation and beyond? Opportunity 1: Promised enormous increase in renewable energy generation • German coalition agreement (government): +300 - 350 TWh renewable electricity by 2030 • New RE capacity implementation: 35 - 40 TWh p.a.? • 10 % for aviation: 3.5 – 4.0 TWh -> +100 - 200 kt/a SAF addition each year? Opportunity 2: Promised short term SAF pull (aviation industry) and push (expected deployment policies) • Immediate utilization of >: e.g. stop burning industrial H2, explore cheap green carbon Challenge 1: underdeveloped European SAF industry (compared to GWP saving request) • Mandatory: reliable, permanent market for SAF – e.g., year-on-year growth rate of blending until 2030? • Investor certainty crucial Promise 100 % SAF within 3 decades? - Fair share: 33 % supply in this decade

TECHNICAL, ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF EUROPEAN SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUELS (SAF) PRODUCTION

Ergebnisse der standardisierten techno-ökonomisch-ökologischen Analyse der Bewertung alternativer Kraftstoffe werden am Beispiel von Fischer-Tropsch Luftfahrttreibstoffen aus Biomasse, Strom und CO2 gezeigt. Für die europäische Luftfahrtindustrie wurde eine Road-map erarbeitet, um unter Einsatz weitestgehend nachhaltiger Einsatzstoffe signifikante Mengen von SAF zu erzeugen. Produktionskosten und Treibhausgaspotenzial der Kraftstoffe werden regional ermittelt

Can e-fuels replace fossil fuels for a future global sustainable transport?

The use of synthetic fuels is an attractive solution to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions where electrification proves to be challenging or too cost intensive. Combining the use of renewable electricity to produce electrolytic hydrogen and sustainable carbon (e.g. from non-crop-based biomass) offers a promising route for large-scale, low carbon power-to-X-products (PtX). While the process technology is pretty mature, the energy efficiency, the production costs, the GHG savings and the possible production capacity is a part of the political debate. Rigorous chemical process simulation using standard software like Aspen Plus with experimentally validated unit performance data is the basis to get an exact representation of the entire process. Chemical engineering cost estimation is applied to predict net production costs (NPC) of PtX-products for transport fuels. A life cycle assessment (LCA) is performed with the open source framework Brightway2 using the same data set of rigorous process simulation. Costs and GWP where calculated using the in-house tool Techno-Economic Process Evaluation Tool (TEPET)

E-FUEL OPTIONS IN PRIVATE TRANSPORT, AVIATION AND SHIPPING

E-Fuel options in private transport, aviation and shipping - Techno economic and environmental assessmen

Application of techno economic and ecological process assessment for cost estimation of renewable fuels

In der Prozessverfahrenstechnik sind Kostenschätzungen für Neuanlagen in unterschiedlichen Genauigkeitsstufen üblich und erforderlich für abgestufte Entscheidungsprozesse zur Mittelfreigabe bis zur Errichtung einer Anlage. Diese gelten für Großanlagen bekannter Technologie (technology readiness level 9), werden allerdings auch für Neuanlagen und die Kostenprognose von Entwicklungsprojekten eingesetzt. In der Wissenschaft ist eine Bewertung bis zum sogenannten preliminary estimate (Class 4) basierend auf begrenzten Kostendaten und Verfahrensdetails möglich, teilweise mit Anteilen eines sogenannten budgeting estimate (Class 3), wenn konkrete Kostendaten über wesentliche Prozessstufen vorliegen. Am DLR wurde diese Methode standardisiert und im Software-Werkzeug TEPET automatisiert, um den Einfluss von Änderungen im Prozessdesign auf die zu erwartenden Produktionskosten auf Basis der Fließbildsimulation zu ermitteln. Methodik und Software-Werkzeug werden im Vortrag erläutert. Die vielfältigen Nutzungsmöglichkeiten der Ergebnisse der techno-ökonomischen Analyse werden anhand von Beispielen präsentiert

Ageing in Europe. Empirical Analysis with the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe

Dieser Band versammelt Beiträge zu ausgewählten Konsequenzen der Bevölkerungsalterung, die auf ein Forschungspraktikum im Fach Bevölkerungswissenschaft an der Universität Bamberg zurückgehen. Die behandelten Untersuchungsgegenstände umfassen die Determinanten intergenerationaler instrumenteller Transfers im europäischen Vergleich, die Effekte von Arbeitsmarktstrukturen auf freiwillige und unfreiwillige Frühverrentung in Deutschland sowie den Zusammenhang von Versicherungsart und der Inanspruchnahme allgemeinmedizinischer Leistungen im Alter. Diese aktuellen sozialwissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen werden anhand der Daten der ersten Welle des Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) empirisch untersucht.This volume brings together selected contributions on the consequences of population ageing which evolved in an empirical research training course in population studies at the University of Bamberg. The topics ranged from the determinants of intergenerational instrumental transfers in a European comparative perspective, the effects of labor market structures on voluntary and involuntary early retirement in Germany as well as the relation between private and public health insurance and medical treatment for aged people. These actual research questions were empirically investigated using the first wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)

ADVANTAGES AND CHALLENGES IN RENEWABLE POWER ASSISTED BIOFUELS PRODUCTION

• Massive replacement of fossil fuels requires maximal output from biomass – renewable hydrogen is a valuable option to boost fuel yield • Process optimization based on techno-economic and ecological assessment • Sweet spot search across Europe for deployment • Outlook towards a European sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) roadma

TECHNO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF ENERGY TRANSITION OPTIONS

A methodology will be presented to assess sustainable production pathways based on rigorous process simulation of large-scale chemical plants, standardized methods and data for chemical engineering cost estimation, LCA methods and data for environmental impact assessment to provide one standard Techno Economic Process Evaluation Tool (TEPET). It indicates the need for detailed process knowledge and experimentally validated steady-state process flow diagram simulation as a reliable assessment fundament. TEPET establishes an automated link to its unit cost database as well as to an external LCA database, automating the calculation of production costs and environmental impact analysis. Derived from multiple projects with different approaches towards defossilization of transport and basic materials industries, specific outcomes will be highlighted to demonstrate the benefits of TEPET usage. These include: • Non-crop-based biomass usage for sustainable fuels, • Renewable energy production in preferred world regions and long-distance transport options to Germany, • PtL process parameter optimization for efficiency maximization and cost reduction, • Power-to-fuels options like methane, methanol, DMC, DME, OME and others, • Renewable power introduction into the BtL process for fuel output increase, • Vision of a European sustainable aviation fuels roadmap until 2030 and beyond, • Defossilization of the glass furnace process as one example for future sustainable basic materials industry in German

Techno-economic and environmental assessment of CCU options

If the transport sector, especially aviation, shipping and heavy load, will continue to rely on liquid fuels, carbon-based fuels might be unavoidable for the foreseeable time. With countless options of sustainable fuels, feedstocks and production routes, its difficult to determine preferences of one over the others. We present a methodology to assess these options fair and transparent simultaneously technically, economically as well as environmentally for comparison and selection. Because aviation is one of the fastest growing sectors in terms of CO2 emissions, the regulatory initiative ReFuelEU Aviation was introduced to mitigate the impact of aviation on the environment. Significantly reduced GHG emissions and lower abatement costs require technological innovations of Power-to-liquids, Biomass-to-liquids and Power enhanced Biomass-to-liquids processes. A detailed discussion of sustainable aviation fuels prospects will be presented. The methodology of techno-economic and environmental assessment will be applied to other transport applications and industry decarbonization efforts as well to address all sectors contribution towards Fit-for-55